Monocular head-mounted display system

ABSTRACT

A monocular head mounted display system in which a matrix display element is mounted within a housing that is positioned relative to one eye of the user to display information. The display is connected to a video or information source such that the user can view information or images shown on the display. The display can be mounted to a frame so that the user can move the display in and out of the user&#39;s filed of view without adjusting the supporting harness that holds the display on the user&#39;s head.

RELATED APPLICATION

This is a Divisional Application of U.S. application Ser. No.08/652,625, filed on May 21, 1996 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,815,126 which is aFile Wrapper Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/288,062, filedAug. 9, 1994 now abandoned which is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S.application Ser. No. 08/220,042, filed on Mar. 30, 1994 now abandonedwhich is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/141,133,filed on Oct. 22, 1993, now abandoned all of which are incorporatedherein by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Head mounted display systems have been developed for a number ofdifferent applications including use by aircraft pilots and forsimulation such as virtual imaging. Head mounted displays are generallylimited by their resolution and by their size and weight.

Existing displays have relatively low resolution, and because of thesize and weight of available systems, these displays are oftenpositioned at the relatively large distance from the eye. Of particularimportance, is the desirability of keeping the center of gravity of thedisplay from extending upward and forward from the center of gravity ofthe head and neck of the wearer, where it will place a large torque onthe wearer's neck and may bump into other instruments during use.

There is a continuing need to present images to the wearer of a helmetmounted display in high-resolution format similar to that of a computermonitor. The display needs to be as non-intrusive as possible, leadingto the need for lightweight and compact system. Existing head mounteddisplays have used analog cathode ray tube (“CRT”) devices mounted aboveor to the side of the user's head which project an image onto a surfaceor visor mounted in front of the user's eyes. Often these displaysutilize helmets which incorporate earphones into the helmet. Other headmounted display devices have contemplated the use of liquid crystaldevices that could be mounted above or to the side of the user's headand employ reflective optics to direct an image within the field of viewof the user.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to systems and methods formounting display and electronic systems on the human body for numerousapplications including commercial, industrial and entertainmentpurposes. Due to the development of small, light weight, high resolutionmatrix displays, the use of these systems for head mounted and bodymounted applications is expected to increase. The use of transferredthin film techniques and/or thin film single crystal silicon material toproduce small, high resolution active matrix electronic displays ishighly suited for the manufacture of head or body mounted displays isdescribed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,206,749, 5,258,325, and 5,300,788, theentire contents of these patents being incorporated herein by reference.

Depending on the particular application, it is desirable to use eithermonocular or binocular systems for head mounted displays. For monocularsystems, preferred embodiments have a single display and associatedoptics in a housing that can be positioned at the center of the filed ofview of either of the user's eyes and can be moved partially orcompletely out of the user's field of view. Both monocular and binocularsystems can be used with any video source. A preferred embodiment of themonocular system can be mounted to a frame with a hinge so that it canrotate in a vertical plane to a position above the field of view of theuser. The frame can be secured to a support that holds the display onthe head of the user. The frame can also house the wiring harness forthe display as well as other communications systems describedhereinafter.

A particular embodiment, uses either of the monocular or binocularsystems with a head or body mounted computer system and a userinterface. The computer and associated electronic components used toload programs, load and store data and communicate or network with othersystems by wire or wireless operation can be mounted on the head-piece,or in other embodiments, on the chest, back, arms or around the waist ofthe user. The user interface can be a standard (ISO) keyboard, acollapsible keyboard in standard or non-standard format, a voiceactivated system a pen, a joystick, a trackball, a touch pad, or avirtual keyboard using motion sensitive gloves, or other suitable meansdepending upon the particular embodiment and application.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment of a binocular head mounteddisplay, the system can include a housing in which a pair of matrixdisplay elements are secured. These display elements are of asufficiently light-weight and compact nature that the housing can bemounted onto the head of a user with a pair of hinge mounted arms orsupport elements that can be rotated relative to the housing from aclosed position to an open position. When in the open position the armsextend about the opposite side of the user's head and serve to positionaudio transducers mounted on the arms into proximity with the ears ofthe user. The arms can also be double hinged in which each arm is foldedonce about its mid-point and then rotated about the hinge on each sideof the housing to assume the closed position.

System electronics and manually adjustable controls can be positionedwithin the housing or the rotating arms, or on bands extending above orbehind the head of the user. Positioning of the electronics and controlswithin the arms or bands permits a more desirable distribution of weightevenly about the sides or top of the user's head.

The inter-pupillary distance between the two displays can be adjustedsuch as by the use of a gear driven cam assembly mounted within thehousing. Centering of both monocular and binocular displays within thefield of view of one or both eyes can thus be accomplished manually, oralternatively by motorized gears or cams. Motors can also beincorporated into the support structure to move the display into, andout of, the user's field of view.

The direct view display can be a transmission type display with thelight source directly adjacent the light valve active matrix and mountedwithin the display device. The transmission type display can, in apreferred embodiment, also receive light directly from the user'senvironment so that the display overlays an image over the usersexisting field of view.

Alternatively, the display can be an emission type device such as anactive matrix electroluminescent display or an active matrix of lightemitting diodes (LEDs), or transmissive passive matrix display or areflective display.

In various alternative embodiments, a head mounted display can beprovided for use with a headband where a molded plastic visor serves asa frame for mounting the electronic display and houses the displaywiring harness. An audio system can be mounted on various types of headand body mounted displays described herein, including the headband, themonocular and binocular systems. The audio system can be linked to acomputer system, with a network, with connection by wire, fiberoptic orwireless systems, or to other audio sources including radio ortelevision transmitters.

A preferred embodiment provides protective headgear such as safetyglasses, hardhats and helmets for a number of commercial and industrialapplications. For embodiments including hardhats and helmets, the systemincludes a rigid protective headpieces covering the head of the user toprevent injury from falling objects. The protective headgear isdimensioned to work in combination with an electronic display mounted ona frame which can be secured to the user's head using severalalternative devices. The frame can be mounted to the rigid headpiece byclipping or otherwise securing the frame to the headpiece visor or areceptacle on that portion of the headpiece adjacent one ear of theuser. Alternatively, the frame can be mounted on or within the helmet.The frame can include a first track to permit the user to move thedisplay from a retracted position to a viewing position within the fieldof view of the user. This system can be a monocular system or abinocular system using two displays. The monocular system can be placedon a second horizontal track so that the user can center the display infront of either eye.

In other alternative embodiments, the protective headgear can includetransparent safety glasses or visor in front of the user's eyes. Whenused with safety glasses or other protective components, the display canbe secured with a breakaway mounting device so that impacts on thedisplay above a threshold force level with cause the display to detachfrom the glasses, visor or frame on which the display is mounted.

The displays used herein can be monochrome or color. Color or monochromeactive matrix displays having at least 300,000 pixels and preferablyover 1,000,000 pixels can be fabricated using methods described in U.S.Ser. No. 07/944,207 filed Sep. 11, 1992, the entire contents of which isincorporatead herein by reference.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other features of the invention, including various noveldetails of construction and combinations of parts, will now be moreparticularly described with reference to the accompanying drawings andpointed out in the claims. It will be understood that the particularhead and/or body mounted display systems embodying the invention isshown by way of illustration only and not as a limitation of theinvention. The principles and features of this invention may be employedin varied and numerous embodiments without departing from the scope ofthe invention.

FIG. 1 is a rear perspective view of a preferred embodiment of theinvention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of a wiringharness.

FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the preferred embodiment of FIG. 1 showingthe placement of the wiring harness of FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is an exploded view of an optical assembly for use in atransmissive display system.

FIG. 5 is an exploded view of a preferred embodiment of an opticalassembly for use in an emissive display system.

FIG. 6 is a top plan view showing the embodiment of FIG. 1 in a stowedposition.

FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view of a preferred embodiment of camassembly for the pivot point 39 of FIG. 6.

FIGS. 8A-8B are partial perspective views of another preferredembodiment for storing the stems 30 of FIG. 1.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of theinvention.

FIG. 10 is a front view of an alternative embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 11 is a top view of an alternative embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 12 is a side view of an alternative embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 13 is a back view of an alternative embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 14 is a bottom view of an alternative embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 15 is a top perspective view of the alternative embodiment in aclosed position.

FIG. 16 is a bottom perspective view of the closed position.

FIGS. 17A-17B are detailed views of the sliding assembly.

FIGS. 18A-18B are further detailed views of the spool assembly and cablemanagement system.

FIG. 19 is a perspective view of an optical module.

FIG. 20 shows two modules mounted on a rail assembly.

FIG. 21 is a perspective view of the optics housing.

FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional side view of the optics.

FIG. 23 illustrates the full down and full up position of the focusadjusting system.

FIG. 24 shows the focus slide and backlight housing.

FIG. 25 is an alternative embodiment of the optical system for a highresolution display.

FIG. 26 is an exploded view of the eye-piece display and optics of apreferred embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 27 is a perspective view of a collapsible keyboard in accordancewith the invention.

FIG. 28 is a perspective view of a collapsed keyboard and head mounteddisplay device.

FIGS. 29A-29B illustrate another preferred embodiment of the collapsiblekeyboard and head mounted display system.

FIGS. 30A-30C illustrate another preferred embodiment of a collapsiblekeyboard and head mounted display system in accordance with theinvention.

FIG. 31A is a perspective view of a head-mounted computer with amotorized display arm shown detached.

FIG. 31B is an exploded perspective view of the head-mounted computer ofFIG. 31A.

FIG. 32A is a perspective view of a head-mounted computer fitted to awearer.

FIG. 32B is a perspective view of a preferred display arm, such as shownin FIG. 32A.

FIG. 33 is a perspective view of another preferred head-mountedcomputer.

FIGS. 34A-D illustrate partial exploded perspective views of anotherhead-mounted computer in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 35 is a functional block diagram of a preferred head-mountedcomputer architecture according to the invention.

FIG. 36 is a functional block diagram of a general purpose head-mountedpersonal computer.

FIG. 37 is a functional block diagram for a personal firefightercomputing system.

FIG. 38 is a functional block diagram of a head-mounted police computeraccording to the invention.

FIG. 39 is a functional block diagram of a head-mounted computer for useby chemical factory workers.

FIG. 40 is a functional block diagram of a head-mounted nuclear plantcomputer.

FIG. 41 is a functional block diagram of a head-mounted mining computer.

FIG. 42 is a functional block diagram of a head-mounted militarycomputer.

FIG. 43 is a functional block diagram on a head-mounted spaceexploration computer.

FIG. 44 is a functional block diagram of a general purpose head-mountedsurvival computer.

FIG. 45 is a functional block diagram of a head-mounted maintenancecomputer.

FIGS. 46A-46E are views of a protective head-mounted maintenancecomputer of FIG. 45 worn by a maintenance worker.

FIGS. 47A-47D illustrate views of a preferred embodiment of a projectiontype display.

FIG. 48 is a perspective view of another preferred embodiment of theinvention.

FIG. 49 is a perspective view of a back-mounted computer and ahead-mounted display.

FIG. 50 is a perspective view of a chest-mounted computer according to apreferred embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 51 is a perspective view of a wrist-mounted computer and displayapparatus.

FIG. 52A is a perspective view of a person wearing magnifying glassesequipped with a display.

FIG. 52B is a schematic diagram of the optics of FIG. 52A.

FIG. 53 is an exploded perspective view of a display mounted to a pairof safety glasses.

FIG. 54 is a perspective view of a display for industrial applications.

FIG. 55 is a perspective view of a monocular display in accordance withthe invention.

FIGS. 56A-56D are perspective views of another head-mounted displayapparatus according to the invention.

FIGS. 57A-57H illustrate perspective view of a particular visor mountedpreferred display.

FIG. 58A is a perspective view of a wearer equipped with a preferredembodiment of a head-mounted display.

FIG. 58B is a perspective view of the head-mounted display of FIG. 58A.

FIGS. 59A-59F are perspective views of a collapsible display accordingto a preferred embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 60 is a perspective view of a head-mounted display integrated witha television tuner.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 is a rear perspective view of a preferred embodiment of a headmounted display 1. The head mounted display 1 is constructed of plasticor some other light-weight housing material and is adapted to be worn bya user to view video images via an optical assembly 100. The headmounted display exploits electronic digital imaging to form video imageson a pair of light valve display panels, one of which is viewed throughthe user's left eye and the other of which is viewed through the user'sright eye. Related discussions of head mounted display devices areprovided in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/971,352, filed Nov. 4,1992 and International Patent Publication WO 93/18428, filed Mar. 12,1992, the teachings of which are both incorporated herein by reference.

The images are provided by a remote video source 2, which can be acamera, a computer, a receiver, a video cassette player, or any devicethat can transmit a video signal. The video source 2 may generate ofvideo signal from data received over a link 9, such as fiber opticcable. In addition, supply voltage is provided to the head mounteddisplay 1 from a power supply 5, which can provide the required supplyvoltage through the video source 2. The video source 2 can also providean audio signal. In a particular preferred embodiment of the invention,the video source 2 and the power supply 5 are physically connected tothe head mounted display 1 using a connector 3.

It should be understood that the head mounted display 1 can beself-contained such that no physical connection to the remote videosource 2 or power supply 5 is required. For example, the head mounteddisplay 1 can contain a receiver to receive transmitted videoinformation and translate that received video information to controlsignals. Such an embodiment is particularly useful for receiving anover-the-air television broadcast. Similarly, the power supply for thehead mounted display 1 can be provided by batteries or another powersource (e.g., solar cells) that are integrated into the head mounteddisplay 1.

The head mounted display 1 has a central housing body 12 that is formedfrom a front housing section 10 and a back housing section 20. The frontsection 10 is preferably formed from an opaque material such as plasticto block external light 99 from the user's eye's. The rear section 20 isalso formed from an opaque material but is adapted to permit the user toadjust the optical assembly 100. The front section 10 is used to mountthe optical assembly 100 (FIG. 3). In addition to the optical assembly100, the user can also adjust a nose bridge assembly 24. The nose bridgeassembly 24 can be positioned between an extended position (asillustrated) and a retracted position using an actuating button 25. Theuser can select a position from a discrete number of detents. In apreferred embodiment of the invention, the actuating button 25 isfastened to one end of a member that slides within a channel of asupport member 15. The opposite end of the member is fastened to thenose bridge assembly 24. When in a selected position, the button isregistered to a respective detent. The actuating button 25 is pushed torelease the button 25 from the detent so that the nose bridge 24 isretracted.

Attached to each side of the head mounted display body 12 is a stem 30through a respective forward hinge 31. Each stem contains a forward stemsection 32, which is coupled to the forward hinge 31 at the proximalend. In a particular preferred embodiment, the forward stem section 32contains a rear hinge 33 at the distal end and an earphone storagecompartment 37 into which earphones 40 are stowed when the stems arefolded.

Rearward stem sections 34 are coupled to the forward stem section 32joints 33 at their proximal ends. The rearward stem sections 34 areadapted to supply earphones for use by the user. The earphones 40 pivotdown from a horizontally aligned position for use by the user. Whenstowed, the earphones 40 are returned to a horizontally aligned positionfor storage in the earphone storage compartment 37 of the forward stemsection 32. The earphones also slide forward and rearward for adjustmentby the user. The rear stem sections 34 also contain control knobs 36, 37(not shown) for adjusting the audio and video features during theoperation of the head mounted display 1. The control knobs 36, 37 arethus coupled to electronic circuitry, which is also stored within thestem sections 30. In a particular preferred embodiment of the invention,the right rear stem section 34R contains a volume control 36 and theleft rear stem section 34L contains a contrast control 37 (not shown).Also in a particular preferred embodiment of the invention, the leftrear stem section 34L contains a female connector 38 for interfacingwith the video source 2 through the male connector 3. Alternatively, anantenna can be provided to receive audio and video signals and otherelectronic information.

The head mounted display 1 can be used in numerous and variedapplications including, but not limited to, commercial audio/videopresentations (television, home video), computer and multimediapresentations, hospital operating room use (e.g. orthoscopic surgery),remote camera monitoring, or any other use where private or detailedviewing of a video image is desired. For certain applications, it isdesirable that the body 12 of the head mounted display 1 pivot upwardlike a visor to permit the user to easily alternate viewing the videoimage and alive scene. An example of such an application is when thehead mounted display 1 is worn by a surgeon during orthoscopic, orother, surgery.

FIG. 2 is a rear perspective illustration of the wiring harness enclosedby the head mounted display 1. In a particular preferred embodiment,audio and video information and supply power is provided via a 10-pinmale connector 3. The male connector 3 registers to a 10-pin femaleconnector 38. Of these ten pins, seven pins are provided for the displaypanel power and backlight power, and three pins are provided for audiosignals. The seven video signals are provided to a first circuit 210. Acontrast control 37 is coupled to the first circuit 210 to permit theuser to adjust the contrast of the images displayed on the light valvedisplay panels. In other preferred embodiments, other video controls(e.g., brightness, image alignment, color adjust, etc.) are provided andcoupled to the first circuit 210. The first circuit 210 is coupled to asecond circuit 220, which drives the light valve display panels via anN-conductor ribbon cable 310, where the number of conductors N isdetermined by the type of display panel.

The first circuit 210 also separates the backlight power signals fromthe light valve display panel signals and provides those signals to abacklight driver 240 over a 6-conductor ribbon cable 320. In addition tothe two backlight driver signals, the 6-conductor ribbon cable 320carries four audio signals. A left channel signal 321 _(L), a commonsignal 321 _(C), and a right channel signal 321 _(R) are provided on the6-conductor ribbon cable 320 to a stereo volume control 36. In aparticular preferred embodiment, the backlight driver 240 and the stereovolume control 36 are disposed within the opposite stem 30 from thecircuit 210.

The stereo volume control 36 permits the user to alter the gain of thesignals in the right and left earphones 40. The adjusted right signal321 _(R) is provided to the right earphone 40R and the adjusted leftchannel signal 323 _(L) is carried by the 6-conductor ribbon cable 320back to the left earphone 40L. Both the left and right earphone are alsoprovided with the common signal 321 _(C). In other preferredembodiments, other audio controls (e.g., stereo balance, tone, etc.) areprovided.

The second circuit 220 need not be a discrete device as illustrated. Inanother preferred embodiment, the second circuit 220 is fabricated witheach display panel, such that each display panel is controlled by arespective control circuit.

The backlight driver 240 provides high voltage signals to the opticalassembly 100 over signal lines 340. The high voltage signals can be usedto drive a backlight for each display panel where a transmissive displaypanel is used. Similarly, the high voltage supply can be used to drivean emissive display panel. In a particular preferred embodiment of theinvention, the display panels are of the active matrix liquid crystaldisplay type, which require backlighting.

In a preferred embodiment the discrete circuiting 38, 210, 220, 240 aredisposed near the rear of the head mounted display 1 to provide for moreeven weight distribution. A preferred control circuit for driving theactive matrix display panel 13 is described in U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 07/971,399, filed Nov. 4, 1992, the teachings of which areincorporated herein by reference. In another preferred embodiment, thedisplay panels are of the passive matrix liquid crystal display type. Acontrol circuit for driving the passive matrix display panel isdescribed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/971,326, filed Nov. 4,1992, the teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference.

FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the head mounted display 1 taken alongsection line I—I of FIG. 1. The positioning of the wiring harness 300 isillustrated in phantom. Note that the ribbon cables 310, 320 are routedaround the joints 31, 33 to permit folding of the stems 30 into acompact unit for storage. In a preferred embodiment, the rear hinge 33employs a split cylinder that rotates independent of the joint so theribbon cable is not visible when the stems are opened or folded.

FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the optical assembly for the head mounteddisplay 1. A mounting frame 110 is adapted to be mounted to the innersurface of the front section 10 of the head mounted display 1. Themounting frame 110 has first and second guide rails 111 a, 111 b topermit adjustment of the inter-pupil displacement of the light valvedisplay panels. The adjustment of the inter-pupil displacement will bediscussed in more detail below.

Mounted to the mounting frame is a backlighting assembly 120 for use intransmissive display systems. The backlighting assembly 120 contains abacklight 124, which is preferably a cold cathode backlight. Thebacklight 124 is disposed in a white reflector 122, which reflects lightfrom the backlight 124 onto the display panel. In a transmissive colordisplay, the backlighting can be provided by a multicolor sequentialbacklight where there is a backlight for each primary display color(e.g., red, green, blue) and the backlights are sequentially lit intiming with the switching of the light valve. In another preferredembodiment backlight is provided by direct ambient light 99. Through alight transmissive front housing section 10 and mounting frame 110.

A display holder 130 is positioned on the mounting frame 110 such thatthe mounting frame rails 111 a, 111 b are disposed within respectivedisplay holder channels 131 a, 131 b. The display holder 130 contains adisplay area 134 and an aperture 132 through which light from thebacklight 124 passes. The display holder 130 also has a geared rack 135for use in adjusting the inter-pupil displacement. A viscous damped gearassembly 115 meshes with the geared rack 135 such that rotational motionof the gear assembly 115 causes linear movement of the display holder130 along the mounting frame 110. As illustrated, the user adjusts theinter-pupil displacement by sliding the left and right display holders130 along the mounting frame 110. Alternatively, an axle can extend fromthe gate 115 to a knob or crank lever, preferably disposed on theforward face of the front section 10 of the display body 12. Indicatormarking can also be provided to guide the user.

Although only the left portion of the optical assembly 100 isillustrated in FIG. 3, the right display holder is similar to the leftdisplay holder, except that the right display holder is rotated 180°relative to the left display holder. In that alignment, the left displayholder gear rack 135L is positioned below the gear assembly 115 and theright display holder gear rack 135R is positioned above the gearassembly 115 as illustrated in FIG. 2. Consequently, the gear assemblysimultaneously displaces both the left and right display holders whenrotated. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the inter-pupildisplacement is adjustable by the user in a range from about 55 mm to 72mm to provide an aligned left-right image to the user.

Returning to the optics assembly, a display assembly 140 is registeredto the display chamber 134. The display assembly contains a translucentplastic light diffuser 142, a liquid crystal display panel 144, and athin plastic matte black mask 146. The diffuser 142 diffuses light fromthe backlight 124 that passes through the display holder aperture 132 toprovide a light distribution that is sufficiently uniform across thedisplay area 146. The liquid crystal display panel 144 has a displayarea that is 0.7 inch as measured diagonally. The liquid crystal displaypanel 144 is preferably fabricated in accordance with U.S. Pat. Ser. No.07/815,684, filed Dec. 31, 1991, the teachings of which are incorporatedherein by reference. The display panel 144 contains connectors toconnect to the 20-conductor ribbon cable 310 (FIG. 2). The displayassembly 140 is secured in the display holder chamber 134 by an opticsholder 150, which is fastened to the display holder 130. The opticsholder 150 contains a housing 152 that may be conformable to the userseye to block ambient light and surround a cover glass 154.

Optional lenses 160 are adaptable to the display holder 150 to, forexample, correct the user's near vision.

Although FIG. 4 illustrates a preferred embodiment employing atransmissive display panel, an optical assembly 100′ can be adapted toreceive an emissive display panel 144′, as illustrated in FIG. 5. Theemissive display optical assembly 100′ differs from the transmissivedisplay optical assembly 100 in the following respects. The emissiveembodiment does not use a backlight 120. Thus the display holder 130does not require an aperture 132 or a light diffuser 142. Instead, thelight is provided by emissive material on the display panel 144 that isactivated by drive signals. The emissive display panel is preferablyfabricated in accordance with U.S. patent application Ser. No.07/643,552, the teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference.

FIG. 6 is a top plan view of the head mounted display 1 in the foldedconfiguration. In particular, note that the nose bridge assembly 24 hasbeen positioned into the retracted position for storage. In theretracted position, the nose bridge assembly 24 does not interfere withthe folding of the stems 30. The hinge points 39 on the forward joints31 are spring tensioned to facilitate head rotation.

FIG. 7 is an exploded view of a preferred spring cam assembly, 390R thatis used at the hinge port 39R on the right forward joints 31R. The camassembly 390R comprises a first cam 391R and a mirror image second cam392R. The cams 391R, 392R contain an outer section 391Ra, 392Ra thatregisters to a respective receptacle on the body 12 and an inner section391Rb, 392Rb that registers to a respective receptacle on the forwardstem 32R. the inner cams 391Rb, 392Rb each include a landing 393 thatallows for free play before engagement. A compression spring 395 isdisposed between spring landings. The cams 391R, 392R compress thespring 395 when rotated together. For the right stem 30R, free play isexhibited for an angular displacement from the folded position,thereafter a variable return force is extended by the spring 395, whichtends to secure the head mounted display 1 to the user's head. Thecompression can be adjusted by an adjustment bolt 396 that meshes with athreaded opening on the outer sections 391 a, 392 b.

FIGS. 8A-8B are partial views of another preferred stem storageembodiment. The forward stem section 32 is a skeleton frame on which therear stem section 34 slides for storage. (FIG. 8B) Alternatively, theforward stem section 32′ can encapsulate the rear stem section 34′ whenstored.

Other preferred embodiments employ other devices to secure the headmounted display, to the user's head. Such devices include an inflatablebladder 51 (shown in phantom in FIG. 1), with an associated pumpassembly, that is disposed over the user's temple, and a headband 52,and ear loops 53.

In a preferred embodiment, the head mounted display 1 is formed frominjection molded plastic. Particular components, such as the nose bridgesupport member 15, are rigid glass filtered molded plastic or acomposite laminate.

FIG. 9 is a front perspective view of another preferred embodiment of aheat mounted display unit 1′. The head mounted display unit 1′ comprisesa visor 50 and a headband 60 coupled together by a pair of pivotassemblies 70 a, 70 b. The right side pivot assembly 70 a is a mirrorimage of the left side pivot assembly 70 b. The pivot assemblies 70 a,70 b are adjustable and flex such that the head mounted display unit 1′can be secured to a user's head. The display unit 1′ also includes aright speaker assembly 80 a and a left speaker assembly 80 b that can bepositioned over the user's ears. Each of these components will bediscussed below in further detail.

The visor 50 includes a face plate 52 having a right side 52 a and leftside 52 b. In a preferred embodiment, transmissive display panels use adedicated backlight as illustrated in FIG. 4. In another preferredembodiment, emissive display panels are used in the visor 50. The visorfurther includes a back section 54, which will be discussed in furtherdetail below.

The visor is connected to the right pivot assembly 70 a by a right visorhinge 53 a and to the left pivot assembly 70 b by a left visor hinge 53b (FIG. 10). The visor hinges 53 a, 53 b allow the respective pivotassembly 70 a, 70 b to flex laterally relative to the line of sight ofthe user. This flexion, for example, permits the user to separate thedistance between the speaker assemblies 80 a, 80 b so as to fit thedisplay unit 1′ over the user's head.

The pivot assemblies 70 a, 70 b each contain components to displace thevisor 50 from the earphones 80 a, 80 b longitudinally relative to theuser's line of sight. This permits the user to properly adjust the visorfor a snug fit. More particularly, longitudinal motion is accomplishedby cooperation between a front hinge 71 and a center pivot 75. The fronthinge 71 is mated to a respective visor hinge 53 by a pin 71′. The fronthinge includes a rail section 72 and the center pivot 75 includes a railsection 74. A center coupler 73 permits the rails 72,74 to sliderelative to one another. As illustrated in FIG. 9, the display unit 1′is shown fully extended in the longitudinal direction. Within the centercoupler 73 is a wheel 76 to facilitate relative motion between theopposed rails 72,74.

The headband 60 is preferably formed of rigid plastic and includes aheadpiece 62 having a right side 62 a and a left side 62 b. In each sideof the headpiece 62, are a series of spaced detents 68 to couple to arespective pivot assembly 70 a, 70 b. Optionally, the headband 60 caninclude a pad 64, preferably made of a pliable rubber foam to provide acomfortable fit over the user's head.

The pivot assemblies 70 a, 70 b cooperate to permit the headband 62 torotate about the center pivots 75 a, 75 b. In a preferred embodiment ofthe invention, the headband 60 pivots 360° traverse to the plane of theuser's line of sight. As illustrated, the headband 60 is positioned at90°.

A lateral pivot joint 77 is coupled to the respective pivot joint 75such that when the headband 60 is positioned at the 90° position, apivot point (not shown) is positioned parallel to the visor hinges 53such that the speaker assemblies 80 a, 80 b can flex laterally. Asupporting member 79 is coupled to the lateral hinge 77 via the pivot.The supporting element 79 includes a rail 78, which is mated to theseries of detents 68 by a catch 79. The headband 60 can be fixed topositions defined by the detent 68 by moving the headpiece 62 along therails 78.

The speaker assemblies 80 are also coupled to the respective pivotassemblies 70 a, 70 b. A lobe member 87 is coupled to the supportingelement 79 of the pivot assembly 70 by a hinge 79′. Each headphone 80includes a mounting frame 82 which is connected to the lobe member 87. Aspeaker component 83 is fixed to the speaker frame 82. A foam pad 84rests against the user's ear such that the user hears sound from thespeaker component 83 through an aperture 85 in the foam padding 84.

FIG. 10 is a front view of the head mounted display unit 1′ of FIG. 9.The front view more clearly illustrates the capability of swiveling theearpiece 80 a, 80 b about the respective pivot points 79 a′, 79 b′. Alsoillustrated are slide tabs 56 a, 56 b for aligning the display panels(not shown) within the visor 50. More particularly, the slide tabs 56permit adjustment of the inter-pupillary displacement of the displaypanels. Furthermore, the slide tabs 56 preferably operate independentlyof each other such that each display panel can be positioned relative tothe respective eye to compensate for off-center vision.

FIG. 11 is a top view of the head mounted display unit 1′ of FIG. 9. Inparticular, the lateral motion about hinge pairs 53-71 and 77-79 areillustrated.

FIG. 12 is a left side view of the head mounted display device 1′ ofFIG. 9. As illustrated, the headpiece 62 is fully retracted. Inaddition, the visor 50 is partially retracted. A pin connector 404 ismounted in element 75 b to provide video and audio connections to thedevice. Alternatively, two pin connectors can be used, one on 75 b, thesecond on 75 a.

FIG. 13 is a rear view of the head mounted display device 1′ of FIG. 1.Illustrated are ball joints 75 a′, 75 b′ of the respective center pivot75 a, 75 b. As illustrated, each back section 54 of the visor 50includes a right viewer 58 a and a left viewer 58 b. Each viewer permitsthe user to view images formed on respective display panels (not shown)disposed within the visor 50. Preferably, the viewers 58 a, 58 b arepositioned within respective recessed cavities 57 a, 57 b of the backsection 54 of the visor 50. The recessed cavities 57 a, 57 b make thedisplay device 1′ eyeglasses compatible. Also illustrated is a nosebridge 59, which is preferably molded into the back section 54. Alsoshown in the figure are control knobs 86 a, 86 b protruding through therespective speaker assemblies 80 a, 80 b. In a particular preferredembodiment, the right control knob 86 a controls contrast on the displaypanels and the left control knob 86 b controls speaker volume.

FIG. 14 is a bottom view of the head mounted display unit 1′ of FIG. 9.More clearly illustrated are the recessed cavities 57 a, 57 b of theback section 54 of the visor 50. Furthermore, the configuration of theslide tabs 56 a, 56 b in a respective slide channel 54 a, 54 b of theback section 54 is illustrated. Furthermore, the head pad 64 isillustrated as having longitudinal ribs to help maintain the headpiece64 in place. The hinge between 52 a and 71 a, and the second hingebetween 52 b and 71 b can be “hidden” as shown in FIG. 14.

Between the closed position and the 90° position there can be a discretenumber of a detent for positioning the headband 60. In a particularpreferred embodiment, a detent is provided at the 45° position.Alternatively, a friction bearing surface can be used to rotate thevisor relative to the headband to hold the visor in a partially raisedposition.

FIG. 15 is a front perspective view of the head mounted display device1′ of FIG. 9 in a folded position. FIG. 16 is a bottom perspective viewof the display unit 1′ of FIG. 15. The unique and novel pivot assemblies70 a, 70 b cooperate to allow the display unit 1′ to be folded into acompact package. The headpiece 60 is rotated about the center pivots 75a, 75 b to the 0° position. The earpiece 80 a, 80 b are then foldedbehind the headpiece 60, where the earpiece 80 a, 80 b lie flat. In aparticular preferred embodiment, the supporting elements 79 a, 79 bcontain a spring-loaded pin 79 a′,79 b′ to aid the folding of theearpiece 80 a, 80 b. The pins 79 a′,79 b′ can be similar to the camassembly of FIG. 7. The visor is then retracted toward the center pivots75 a, 75 b until the display unit 1′ is securely packed. From thisfolded position, the head mounted display unit 1′ can be easily packed,carried or otherwise transported. FIG. 15 also shows manual focus adjustelements 400 located on the top of the visor which are described ingreater detail below.

FIGS. 17A-17B are detailed views of the light pivot assembly 70 a. Asillustrated, the rails 72 a, 74 a lie in tracks 73 a′,73 a′ of arespective center coupler 73 a. A wheel 76 a having a pin 76 a′ throughits central axis and fixed at one end to the center coupler 73 isdisposed between the opposing rails 72 a, 74 a. Each opposing rail 72 a,74 a has a respective slot 72 a′,74 a′ through which the wheel pin 76 a′extends. The wheel 76 a is held between slots and contains cable guidesas described below. Also illustrated is a connector 89 a on the lobemember 87 a for connecting the speaker assembly 80 a to the assembly.The connector 89 a is an electrical connector carrying audio signals.

The wiring of the device is as follows: The signals and power enterthrough the back of 75 b via a connector. The audio portion then passesthrough to the earcups with one extending through the headband. Thevideo goes forward through the temple slides via the “spool” or wheel 76a. The pin 76 a′ is the center axle that allows it to rotate in the holein 73. The pin 76 a′ is secured to the wheel 76 a. FIG. 18A shows pin 76a″. The wheel has two of these, on opposite sides, 180° apart. These arewhat ride in the slots 72 a″ and 74 a″ (shown in FIG. 18A). The wheelcircumference is not in contact with the rails. As shown in the detailedview of FIG. 18A which shows the wheel 76 a held between slots 72 a′.

FIG. 18B shows the wheel 76 a is also a spool. It serves to control thecable length as the rails are moved fore and aft. The spool 76 a isdesigned to be an assembly using two identical pieces 450, 452. Thekidney shapes act as cable guides 454, 456 which control the motion ofconductor cable 458 as the rails are moved.

FIG. 19 shows the optics module sub-assembly. Two of these modules 410are mounted to a triangulated rail system 480 and comprises an opticsassembly.

Each optics module consists of the following: A display 420; a backlight490; a lens 430; a mirror 432; an optic housing 412 a; a focus adjustslide 403; a IPD adjust/cover 406; and a rail slide 488. As shown inFIG. 20 the two modules 410, 415 are mounted on rail system 480. FIG. 21is a perspective view of an optics module housing 412. The housing 412has a rim 433 that is used to secure the IPD adjustment system andsurrounds one of rails 480. The housing 412 also has legs 431 used toposition the ramp and IPD adjustment components. FIG. 22 is a side crosssectional view of the optical system with lens 430, mirror 432, thebacklight 490 and display 420. Focus is accomplished with a sliding rampsystem, shown in FIGS. 23 and 24, which are incorporated into the focusadjust slide 403 and the backlight housing 491. Tabs 443 protruding fromthe backlight housing are engaged in slots 445 incorporated in the focusslide 403. As the focus slide button 407 is moved horizontally, thebacklight housing (along with the attached display) move vertically. Asshown in FIG. 23 with the focus adjust in the full down position 44, thetabs 443 on housing 491 are in the lowest position. In the full upposition 442, the tabs 443 are in the highest position. Multiple tabs443 ensure positive alignment throughout the motion range. The verticallegs 431 extending from the optic housing keep the backlight/displayassembly centered horizontally left to right as well as acting asvertical slide surfaces. The button 407 serves as the top of theassembly capturing the top on the focus slide.

FIG. 25 shows the display placed at the focal length of the lens, thusproducing an image of the display at an apparent distance of infinity tothe viewer. The lens has a small focal length, preferable about 1 inch.The flat optical element is present to correct for lateral colorseparation in the lens. This element consists of a diffractive optic 434designed to compensate for the lateral color in the lens. The mirrorserves to fold the optical path to minimize the depth of the headmounted device while extending its height, the mirror is optional to thesystem and is present for desired form factor. Two such setups make upon binocular head mounted display system: one for each eye. The distancethat the displays appear to the viewer can be adjusted for personalcomfort, generally between 15 feet and infinity. The magnification ofthe system is about 10. Other lens systems can be used and are availablefrom Kaiser Electro-Optics, Inc. of Carlsbad, Calif. Such a system isdescribed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,859,031, the contents of which areincorporated herein by reference. Such a system 500 is shown in FIG. 26.The display system 500 includes an active matrix display 502, apolarizing filter 504, a semi-reflective concave mirror 506, and acholesteric liquid crystal element 508. The image that is generated bythe display 502 is transmitted through the filter 504, the filter 504the semi-reflective concave mirror 506 to the element 508. The element508 reflects the image back onto mirror 506 which rotates the light sothat, upon reflection back to element 508, it is transmitted throughelement 508 to the viewer's eye 509. A lens can be used with this systemdepending upon the size, resolution, and distance to the viewer's eye ofthe optical system components and the particular application.

One interface device used in conjunction with the various embodiments ofthe invention is a collapsible keyboard. Preferred embodiments used inconjunction with the display systems described herein are illustrated inconnection with FIGS. 27-30. The term collapsible keyboard, used inconnection with the present application, means a keyboard have aplurality of sections which move relative to each other to assume a morecompact position for storage or transport in which each section has aplurality of keys activated by a user's fingers. A “standard” keyboardmeans a keyboard having at lest three rows of keys for the alphabet, andcan also include a fourth row for the numbers 0-9, a fifth row for aspace bar, a sixth row for dedicated function keys, a laterallypositioned calculator keyboard, and four cursor movement keys.

As shown in FIG. 27 a keyboard 900 with a standard key configuration canbe collapsed and connected, as shown in FIG. 28, with a head mounteddisplay 902 to form a portable computer system 910. As described in thevarious distinct embodiments herein, the central programming unit, thememory and various parts can be included with the portable keyboard, oralternatively with the headpiece.

In FIGS. 29A and 29B, another preferred embodiment utilizing acollapsible keyboard 922 with hinged elements 922 a, 922 b, can beconnected to head mounted monocular display 924 to provide portablecomputer system 920.

FIGS. 30A-30C illustrate another portable computer system mountablewithin portable case 940 with handle 944. A head mounted monoculardisplay 942 can be stored in case 940 which can have a CD-ROM drive 954.

FIG. 31A is a perspective view of a head-mounted computer 510 with amotorized display arm 516 shown detached. The head-mounted computer 510includes a head band 512 with an electrical socket 514. An arm assemblyincludes a video display panel at the distal end, which provide a videoimage to a wearer.

The arm assembly includes an electrical plug 515 mated to couple withthe socket 514. Preferably, there is one socket 514 on each side of thehead band 512. The two sockets 514 are bilaterally symmetrical so thearm assembly plug 515 can be coupled to either socket 514 to facilitateuse of the display as either a left or right monocular piece. Thecoupling provides video signals from the computer to the display panel.

The arm 516 is operated by a motor 518 which turns a torque ring 517. Byturning the torque ring 517, the motor 518 can move the display panelvertically within the wearer's field of view.

FIG. 31B is an exploded perspective view of the head-mounted computer 10of FIG. 31A. The head band 512 includes a base assembly 512 a and acomputing assembly 512 b. The computing assembly 512 b includes a CPUand video board module 522, a disk drive module 524 and at least oneexpansion module 525. The modules 522, 524, 525 communicate with the CPUover a flexible bus 523. The base assembly 512 a includes a batterymodule 529, which supplies dc power to the computer modules 522, 524,525. Although only one expansion module 525 is illustrated, it should beunderstood that multiple expansion modules can be added to the flexiblebus 523.

FIG. 32A is a perspective view of a head-mounted computer 510 fitted toa wearer. The CPU and video driver are fabricated as an integral part ofthe head band 512. Expansion modules 525A, 525B, 525C are removable andcoupled to the bus 523. As shown, the wearer 601 is fitted with amonocular display. A display pod 1100 is positioned in the wearer'sfield of view by a display arm assembly 600. The display arm assembly600 includes a proximal section 610, a distal section 620, a horizontalsupport member 630, and a nose piece 650. The distal arm member 620telescopes from the proximal arm member 610 using a supporting member612. Also shown is an earplug 603.

FIG. 32B is a perspective view of a preferred display arm, such as shownin FIG. 32A. Illustrated is a socket 514 on a broken away head band 512and an arm assembly 600. The arm assembly 600 couples to the socket 514by a matching plug 515. As illustrated, the arm assembly is a monoculararm assembly having a single display panel. The plug 515 and socket 514are secured together by thumb screw 605.

The arm assembly has a proximal section 610 fixed to the plug 515 and adistal section 620 that telescopes from the proximal section 610. Asupporting beam 612 is fixed to the distal arm section 620 andtelescopes out from the proximal arm section 610 to support the distalsection 620.

A display pod 1100 encasing the display panel is attached to ahorizontal frame 630 by a positioning slide 1105. The horizontal frame630 is attached to the distal arm section 620. A nose bridge 650supports the horizontal frame 630 on the wearer's nose. An eye cup 1102conforms to the shape of a wearer's eye. Electrical signals from theplug 515 to the display panel are carried over a connecting cable 615.

FIG. 33 is a perspective view of another preferred head-mounted computer510. As illustrated, there is a head band 512, stereo headphones 603A,603B, a display arm 516 connecting the headband 512 to a display pod1100′, which includes a display panel. The CPU and video drive circuitryare fabricated as an integral part of the head band 512. Shown on thehead band 512 are plurality of ports 557 which accept expansion modules.As shown, there is a PMMA interface module coupled to the head band 512.A PMMA module 558 is inserted into the PMMA interface module 554. Alsoillustrated are expansion modules 514, an infrared communication sensor555 a and a Charge Coupled Device (CCD) camera 555 b.

FIGS. 34A-34D illustrate a partial exploded perspective views of anotherhead-mounted computer in accordance with the present invention. The headband 512 includes a CPU, a disk drive 564 and expansion modules 515 a,515 b, 515 c all interconnected together by a flexible bus 563. Eachmodule 564, 515 connects to the bus 656 by a respective connector 517 a.

Also shown in FIGS. 34A-34D are earphones 603 a, 603 b for providingaudio information to the wearer. Attached to one of the earphones is amicrophone arm 690 having a microphone 559 at its distal end. Theearphones 603 a, 603 b are hinged to the head band 512 to provide acomfortable fit for the wearer.

A frame assembly 600′ is coupled to each end of the head band 512 by arespective pin 602 a, 602 b. The pins 602 a, 602 b allow the frameassembly 600′ to be rotated up and over the head band 512. In thatposition, the head-mounted computer 510 is compactly stored and easy tocarry.

The frame assembly 600′ includes a pair of distal arms 610 a, 610 bwhich are coupled to the head band 512 by the pins 602 a, 602 b. Ahorizontal support 630′ telescopes out from the proximal arms 610 a, 610b and around the forehead of the wearer. At least one display pod 1100′is mounted to the horizontal support 630′. As illustrated, a singledisplay pod 1100′ provides for monocular display. The display pod 1100′is preferably slidable along the horizontal frame 630′ for use witheither the left or right eye of the wearer. The display pod 1100′includes an eye cup 1102′.

FIG. 35 is a functional block diagram of a preferred head-mountedcomputer architecture according to the invention. The head-mountedcomputer 710 includes a CPU 712 having read and write access over thebus 513 (FIG. 31B) to a local data storage device 714, which can be afloppy disk, a hard disk, a CD-ROM or other suitable mass storagedevices. The CPU 712 also drives a display driver 716 to form images onthe display panel 700 for viewing by the wearer.

Either the head or body mounted platforms can house a memory or modemcard 741 conforming to the Personal Computer Memory Card InternationalAssociation (PCMCIA) standards. These cards are restricted to fit withina rectangular space of about 55mm in width, 85mm in length, and 5mm indepth.

A servo 760 communicates with the CPU 712 to vary the position of thedisplay panel 700 relative to the wearer's eyes. The servo 760 iscontrolled by the wearer through an input device 718. The servo 760operates the motor 518 (FIG. 31A) to raise or lower the verticalposition of the display panel 700. Thus the display panel 700 can bepositioned so the wearer can glance up or down at the image without thedisplay panel 100 interfering with normal vision. Additionally, thedisplay panel 700 can be stowed outside the field of view.

CPU 712 also sends and receives data from a communication module 720 forinterfacing with the outside world. Preferably, the communication module720 includes a wireless transducer for transmitting and receivingdigital audio, video and data signals. A communication module 720 canalso include a cellular telephone connection. The communication module720 can likewise interface directly with the Plain Old Telephone Service(POTS) for normal voice, facsimile or modem communications. Thecommunication module 720 can include a tuner to receive over-the-airradio and television broadcasts.

The CPU 712 can also receive and process data from an external sensormodule 730. The external sensor module 730 receives data signals fromsensors 735, which provide data representing the external environmentaround the wearer. Such sensors are particularly important where thewearer is encased in protective gear.

When the wearer is clothed in protective gear, an internal sensor module740 can receive sensor data from sensors 745 within the protective gear.The data from the internal sensors 745 provide information regarding thewearer's local environment. In particular, the internal sensors 745 canwarn the wearer of a breach or failure of the protective gear.

In addition, the CPU 712 can also receive data from a life sign module750. The life sign module 750 receives data from probes 755 implanted inor attached to the wearer. The life sign data from the probes 755provides the CPU 712 with information regarding the wearer's bodilycondition so that corrective actions can be taken.

The sensor modules 730, 740, 750 receive data from associated detectorsand format the data for transmission over the bus 513 to the CPU 712.The sensor modules can also filter or otherwise preprocess the databefore transmitting the preprocessed data to the CPU 712. Thus, eachexpansion module can contain a microprocessor.

The wearer can control the operation of the CPU 712 through the inputdevice 718. The input device 718 can include a keyboard, a mouse, ajoystick, a pen, a track ball, a microphone for voice activatedcommands, a virtual reality data glove, an eyetracker, or other suitableinput devices. A preferred eyetracker is described in U.S. Pat. No.5,331,149, the teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference.In a particular preferred embodiment of the invention, the input device718 is a portable collapsible keyboard. Alternatively, the input device718 is a wrist-mounted keypad.

As illustrated, the head-mounted computer 710 is a node on a distributedcomputing network. The head-mounted computer 710 is in communicationwith a distributed command computer 770 via the communication module720. The distributed command computer 770 has access to distributed datastorage 775 for providing audio, video and data signals to thehead-mounted computer. The distributed command computer 770 can also bein communication with a central operations computer 780 having centraldata storage 785. Such external networks can be particularly adapted toapplications of the head-mounted display or may be general purposedistributed data networks.

FIG. 36 is a functional block diagram of a general purpose head-mountedpersonal computer 710′. The head-mounted personal computer 710′ includesa communication module 720′ for interfacing with an information exchange90. The information exchange 790 can interconnect the personal computer710′ with other personal computers or informational networks. Thecommunication module 720′ can communicate with the information exchange90 over a wireless data link, a modem, a facsimile apparatus or adigital data link. The communication module 720′ can include one or moreof the aforementioned communication mechanisms, as required. The localdata storage 714 includes software applications for execution by the CPU712.

In addition to general purpose computing, the head-mounted computer 710can be adapted for use in many real world situations. In particular,there are situations where a head-mounted computer 710 is especiallyadvantageous. Such situations typically involve applications where thewearer desires or needs auxiliary sensory input.

FIG. 37 is a functional block diagram for a personal firefightercomputing system 710A. A firefighter in a burning building needs accessto at least three pieces of valuable information: (1) where thefirefighter is located, (2) the dangers surrounding the firefighter and(3) how to egress the building in an emergency. In addition, thefirefighter's commander needs to know where the firefighter is locatedin the building at all times so that any necessary rescue operation canbe expedited. To that end, a head-mounted firefighting computer 710A isadapted to aid the firefighter. In addition to application software, thelocal data storage module 714 includes building schematics for thebuilding where the firefighter is located. Local data storage 714 canalso include emergency medical instructions.

The firefighter is in communication with a local fire vehicle or truck770A via a communication module 720A. The communication module 720Aprovides wireless audio, video and data communication between thefirefighter and the truck 770A. The truck 770A is equipped with adistributed data storage system 775A for storing maps and buildingschematics for the coverage area of the firefighting unit. The truck770A can receive additional maps and building schematics from a centralfirehouse 780A when the truck 770A is dispatched outside of its normaloperation area. Through the communication module, a commander at thetruck 770A or a central firehouse 780A can communicate with thefirefighter.

In addition, the communication module includes a global positioningsatellite (GPS) sensor or other position sensor for accuratelydetermining the position of the firefighter. This information iscombined with the building schematics by the CPU 712 to provide thefirefighter and the truck 770A with the firefighter's exact position inthe building. In addition, the CPU 712 can calculate and direct thefirefighter to all exits from the building. In particular, thefirefighter's path into the building can be recorded in the local datastorage 714 so the firefighter can be directed out of the buildingfollowing the path over which the firefighter entered the building.Preferably, the directions for backtracking or otherwise exiting thebuilding are pictorially displayed on the display panel 700 so thefirefighter can exit even in low or no visibility situations.

While in a burning building, the firefighter can encounter closed doorshaving flames behind them. To warn the firefighter, the external sensors735A include an infrared detector. Signals from the infrared detectorare provided to the CPU 712 by the external sensor module 730A to warnthe firefighter of potential hot spots to avoid. In addition, theinfrared sensor preferably permits the firefighter to view thesurrounding through heavy smoke. Data from the infrared sensor can alsoaid the firefighter in located trapped fire victims. External sensors735A can also include a temperature sensor to provide the firefighterand the truck 770 a with temperature readings within the burningbuilding. Furthermore, a carbon monoxide sensor can supply thefirefighter with the concentration of carbon monoxide in the burningbuilding. Similarly, a natural gas sensor can warn the firefighter of adanger of explosion before a fire occurs.

In addition, the firefighter may be equipped with protective gear.Sensors 745A within the protective gear provide the firefighter with thetemperature within the gear, the amount of oxygen remaining in thefirefighter's oxygen tanks and an indication of battery power remainingin the firefighter's computer 710A. If any of these internal sensors745A exceed predetermined thresholds, the CPU 12 warns the firefighterto exit the burning building.

FIG. 38 is a functional block diagram of a head-mounted police computer710B according to the invention. As with firefighters, police officersoften act alone and must provide information to others and also receiveupdated information. In a police computer 710B, it can always be withthe police officer to service these information needs.

Local data storage 714 can include city maps, building schematics,suspect rap sheets, and emergency medical information. As withfirefighters, information can be exchanged between the police officer, apolice car 770B and a police station 780B. The police car 770B storesmore general maps and criminal data base in a distributed data storageunit 775B. The police station 780B has access to all maps, buildingschematics and criminal information, which are stored in a central datastorage unit 785B.

A communication module 720B permits the exchange of audio, video anddata information between the police officer and the police car 770B andpolice station 780B. The communication module 720B can also include aGPS so the police officer and others know the exact position of thepolice officer relative to city maps and building schematics. The policecomputer 710B can also include an external sensor 735B that provides thepolice officer with night vision. In addition, a magnetic or opticalreader can be coupled to the external sensor module 730B. The reader canread driver licenses or other identification and provide the readinformation to the police station 780B for verification and a warrantscheck. The results are then provided and displayed to the police officerwithout the police officer having to return to the police car 770Bduring traffic stops or otherwise.

FIG. 39 is a functional block diagram of a head-mounted computer 710Cfor use by chemical factory workers. In particular, the chemical workercomputer 710C is worn by those chemical factory workers exposed to orlikely to be exposed to caustic or toxic chemicals or gasses. Local datastorage 714 includes plant schematics and instructions to the chemicalworker, including emergency medical instructions.

The communication module 720C provides an audio, video and data linkbetween the chemical worker and the factory control 770C, which canprovide the chemical worker with further building schematics andinstructions. The factory 770C can also communicate with corporateheadquarters 780C for further guidance. The communication module 720Ccan also include a GPS to identify the worker's position.

The chemical worker computer 710C also includes external sensors 735Cfor detecting caustic chemicals and toxic gas. Data from the externalsensors 735C is provided to the CPU 712 by an external sensor module730C. The external sensors 735C provide the chemical worker withinformation regarding dangerous substances in or that may have leakedinto the work area.

The chemical worker may also be working within protective gear. Forexample, the chemical worker may be working in a hazardous area such aschemical storage tanks. Accordingly, the computer 710C includes internalsensors for measuring the remaining oxygen in the worker's oxygen tanksand remaining power in the head-mounted computer 710C. Data from theinternal sensors 745C are provided to the CPU 712 by an internal sensormodule 740C.

FIG. 40 is a functional block diagram of a head-mounted nuclear plantcomputer 710D. Nuclear plant workers face dangers similar to those ofchemical workers. However, instead of detecting caustics and toxins, thenuclear worker computer 71 OD has external sensors 735D for measuringradiation levels. The radiation data is provided to the CPU 712 by anexternal sensor module 730D.

FIG. 41 is a functional block diagram of a head-mounted mining computer710E. The mining computer 710E is worn by a coal miner or similarworkers. External sensors 735E measure methane gas concentration. Anexternal sensor module 730E provides the external sensor data to the CPU712, which can warm the miner of a methane danger. In addition, anexternal sensor 735E can be a low-light vision sensor.

The communication module 720E provides an audio, video and data linkbetween the mine control room 770E and the miner. For example, thecontrol room 770E can provide a mine supervisor with real-timeproduction rates so the supervisor can shift miners to make efficientuse of equipment and human resources. The communication module 720E canalso be used to exchange information with the miners in the event of amine cave-in.

FIG. 42 is a functional block diagram of a head-mounted militarycomputer 710F. The military computer 710F is preferably adapted to beworn by field solders operating in areas of high toxicity, such as acombat station exposed to biological or chemical agents or radiation.The military computer 710F can also be worn by military personnel notexposed to such hazards.

The local data storage 714 stores area maps and emergency medicalinstructions for use by the soldier. The local data storage 714 can alsocontain repair instructions for equipment used by the soldier.

A communication module 720F provides a wireless audio, video and datalink between the soldier and local command officers 770F. The localcommand officers 770F are in turn linked to remote command officers780F. The communication module 720F can also contain a GPS, whichprovides the soldier and command officers with the soldier's location.Through the communication module 720F, the soldier can also receivereal-time updates of enemy troop movements. The communication module720F can also include an encryption/decryption unit securingcommunication channels.

An external sensor module 730F provides the CPU 712 with data fromexternal sensors 735F. The external sensors 735F include detectors fordetecting toxins, biological agents and radiation. The external sensors735F can also include a night vision unit. If a hazard is detected, thesoldier should be clothed in protective gear.

An internal sensor module 740F provides the CPU 712 with data frominternal sensors 745F disposed within the protective gear. The internalsensors 745F provide the soldier with a measure of contaminates enteringthe protective gear.

FIG. 43 is a functional block diagram on a head-mounted spaceexploration computer 710G. The space exploration computer 710G is wornby an astronaut while in space or exploring another planet or moon. Thespace exploration computer 710G is particularly useful for use inconstructing structures in outerspace, such as in earth orbit or onanother world. Because communications between the Earth and theastronaut may fail, the astronaut needs to have ready access tosufficient information to accomplish the mission independently.

The local data storage 714 contains maps, schematics and instructionsfor use by the astronaut. The maps can be used by the astronaut whileexploring other objects. The schematics can be used by the astronautwhile constructing structures and repairing equipment.

A communication module 720G provides an audio, video and data linkbetween the astronaut and a command ship 770G and ground station command780G.

An external sensor module 730G provides the CPU 712 with data fromexternal sensors 735G. The external sensors 735G can include measuringdevices for temperature, pressure and gas content of an atmosphere. Theexternal sensors 735G can also include a position sensor to locate therelative position of an astronaut from a fixed reference data point,such as a landing craft. The position sensor data in combination withthe maps from the local data storage 714 can be processed by the CPU 712to provide instructions to the astronaut to return the astronaut to thelanding craft. The external sensors 735G can also include an infraredvision unit and a night vision unit to aid the astronaut in dustyenvironments and at night.

Because the astronaut typically wears a space suit, an internal sensormodule 740G provides the CPU 712 with data from internal sensors 745Gwithin the spacesuit. The internal sensors 745G measure the temperatureand pressure within the suit. From the internal sensor data, the CPU 712can regulate the temperature and pressure and detect a breach in thesuit. In addition, the internal sensors 745G include a sensor formeasuring the remaining oxygen supply in the tanks. From the oxygensupply data, the CPU 712 calculates the remaining time until the oxygensupply is depleted and warns the astronaut when it is time to return toa safe environment.

A life sign module 750G provides the CPU 712 with data from probes 755G.The probes 755G measure the astronaut's body temperature, bloodpressure, pulse and respiration rate.

FIG. 44 is a functional block diagram of a general purpose head-mountedsurvival computer 710H. The survival computer 710H facilitates thesurvival and rescue of a wearer. The survival computer 710H can beintegrated into a sea survival suit, an arctic survival suit or be apart of a desert survival pack. Pre-stored in the local data storage 714are maps and medical instructions.

A communication module 720H includes a GPS and emergency communicationequipment. The GPS data is combined by the CPU 712 with the maps fromthe local data storage 714 to determine the ground position of thewearer. The CPU 712 can then calculate a path for the wearer to take toobtain safe shelter. The ground position information is also broadcastover emergency channels by the communication module 720H to a rescueteam 770H. Once contact is made with a rescue team 770H, the rescue team770H can provide additional maps and other information to the wearerover a data link. For use of sea, the communication module 720H can alsoinclude a sonar transducer for attracting submarines and ships (e.g., afailure of radio communication).

An external sensor module 730H provides the CPU 712 with data fromexternal sensors 735H. The external sensors 735H can include temperatureand pressure detectors. The external sensors 735H can also include anight vision unit.

In the event the wearer is wearing protective gear in a coldenvironment, an internal sensor module 740H provides the CPU 712 withdata from internal sensors 745H within the protective gear. The internalsensors 745G measure the temperature within the gear. The CPU 712 canthen regulate the temperature and detect a breach in the gear.

A life sign module 750H provides the CPU 712 with data from probes 755H.The probes 755H measure the wearer's body temperature, blood pressure,pulse and respiration rate.

FIG. 45 is a functional block diagram of a head-mounted maintenancecomputer 710I. A maintenance computer 710K is worn by repair andmaintenance personnel. The maintenance computer 710I provides the wearerwith access to all relevant repair and maintenance manuals and caninclude diagnostic sensors integrated with the maintenance computer710I.

FIGS. 46A-46E are views of a head-mounted maintenance computer 710K ofFIG. 45 worn by a maintenance worker. The maintenance computer 710K isdisposed within the hard hat 800.

FIG. 46A is a front view of the protective headpiece used with themaintenance computer 710K of FIG. 45 worn by a maintenance worker. Thehard hat 800 includes a blister compartment 810, which is shaped toreceive the display pod 1100. As illustrated, the display pod 1100 ispositioned for viewing by the maintenance worker. The pod is protectedfrom impact by the visor 811 and blister 810.

FIG. 46B is a side view of the maintenance computer 710K of FIG. 45partially in cross section. The display pod 1100 is coupled to a housing635 which is supported by two horizontal members 632, 634 within theblister compartment 810. The housing 635 is slidable along thesupporting members 632, 634 to position the display pod 1100horizontally within the worker's field of view. The display pod 1100 isvertically positioned by a telescoping member 636 that is received bythe base 638. In a particular preferred embodiment of the invention, thehorizontal and vertical displacement of the display pod 1100 iscontrolled by a servo 760 (FIG. 45).

Shown in FIG. 46C is a side view in which the protective headpiece has aside receptacle 1204 in which the housing 1206 containing the audiocircuit, the connector to the display, the earpiece 1208 and microphone1210 can be inserted. The view of the underside of the helmet is shownin FIG. 46D where the visor 811 has tabs 1202 on both sides so that themonocular display can be mounted at 1200 adjacent to each tab. In theevent of an impact to the pod 110, it will detach to prevent injury tothe user.

FIG. 46E is a perspective view of the display pod mounting apparatus ofFIG. 46B. Shown more clearly are the supporting members 632, 634 and thehousing 635. The display pod 1100 is shown with the telescoping member636 contracted. Also illustrated is a hinge 639 to allow the worker topivot the display pod 1100 momentarily out of the field of view.

FIGS. 47A-47D illustrated another preferred embodiment of the inventionin which a display is mounted above field of view of the user and whichprojects an image onto a transparent monocular or binocular system infront of the user's eye or eyes. FIG. 47A shows a monocular system 1600in which a display is position in housing 1606 on visor 1605 andprojects an image onto lens 1604. The user can also see through lens1602 and 1604 to the outside environment. As shown in FIG. 47B, thedisplay is connected by wire or fiber optic cable 1612 to a video sourceand can be positioned in from of either eye by sliding along rack orrail 1610. The hinge 1614 provides for rotation of lens 1604 againstlens 1602. As seen in FIG. 47C, the lens can rotate about hinge 1624 andcan be moved along distance 1622. Electronics 1626 for display 1620 canbe incorporated into visor 1605. FIG. 47D shows a bumper 1640 fordisplay unit 1632 which can rotate bout hinge 1630 to position lens1634, 1638.

FIG. 48 is a perspective view of another preferred embodiment of theinvention. The wearer is equipped with a helmet 800′ adding a blisterchamber 810′ and a display pod 1100. The wearer is also equipped withprotective goggles 1200 and a breathing apparatus 1300.

Although the computer 710 has been described as a head-mounted computer,it should be understood that the computer 710 can be otherwise carriedon the wearer's person. For example, the computer 710 can be disposedwithin a backpack, chestpack or beltpack. Other mounting configurationsare also meant to be within the scope of the invention. Furthermore, itshould be understood that the computer 710 and input device 718 can beremote from the display 700. For example, the computer 710 can be in abriefcase removed from the person wearing a head-mounted display.

FIG. 49 is a perspective view of a back-mounted computer and ahead-mounted display. The computer 850 is mounted to a harness 852 ontothe wearer's back. A data cable 853 from the computer 850 drives thedisplay panel in a display pod 1100 positioned in the wearer's field ofview. An audio microphone 559 is mounted in the display pod 1100 forproviding local commands to the computer 850 over the data cable 853.Also illustrated is an optional headband 2 for holding the system ontothe wearer's head. Preferably, the display pod 1100 can be flippedupward or downward out of the wearer's field of view. The display pod1100 can also be clipped into a hardhat.

FIG. 50 is a perspective view of a chest-mounted computer according to apreferred embodiment of the invention. A computer 860 is mounted to awearer's chest by a harness 862. Control of the computer 860 is providedby a roller ball input device 868, which is coupled to the computer 860by data cable 863. A display housing 867 is extendable from the housingof the computer 860 to permit the wearer to view a display panel. Thehousing can also have a keypad or a receptacle for a portable orcollapsible keyboard (dashed lines).

FIG. 51 is a perspective view of a wrist-mounted computer and displayapparatus. The computer body 870 is secured to a wrist by a wristband872. The computer body includes controls 878 and a display panel displayhousing 877. A display panel 1000 in the display housing 877 is viewedthrough a holographic lens 879.

FIG. 52A is a perspective view of a person wearing magnifying glassesequipped with a display. The glasses 1905 are secured to the wearer'shead by a headband 1902. The glasses 1905 include magnifying lenses 1907and a hinge 1909 for receiving the display pod 1100.

FIG. 52B is a schematic diagram of the optics of FIG. 52A. Illustratedare the display pod 1100 and magnifying glasses 1905. In the display pod1100 are a display panel 1000, a reflecting mirror 1130 and a viewinglens 1160. The light rays from the display panel 1000 are reflected offfrom the reflecting mirror 1130 and passed through the lens 1160.Because the glasses 1905 include a magnifying lens 1907, the display podviewing lens 1160 is a reducing lens. The reducing lens 1160 and themagnifying lens 1907 cooperate to produce a durable image to the wearer.

FIG. 53 is a perspective view of a display pod 1100 mounted to a pair ofsafety glasses with the display pod and safety glass shown exploded. Theframe 1915 includes electrical coupling 1913 for interfacing with adisplay driver and mounting pins 1919. The display pod is coupled to themounting pins 1919. Safety glass 1917 is positioned between the displaypod 1100 and the wearer's eyes to protect the eyes from an impact withthe display pod 1100. Preferably, the display pod 1100 is shockresistant. In addition, the mounting pins 1919 are designed to breakawayunder stress so that if the display pod 1100 is subjected to an impact,the display pod 1100 will breakaway from the frame 1915.

FIG. 54 is a perspective view of an industrial display. A displayhousing 1105 is preferably fabricated from impact resistant material.The eyecup 1102 is preferably fabricated from foam or another softpliable material to protect the user's eye. A protective shade 1102 canbe raised or lowered to protect the display panel 1000, the viewing lens1150 and other internal components from damage.

FIG. 55 is a perspective view of a monocular display. The frame 1925secures around the back of a wearer's head and earpieces 1921 a, 1921 bsecure the frame 1925 to user's head. Preferably, the frame 1925 isextendable from the earpieces 1921 a, 1921 b at joints 1922 a, 1922 b sothe frame 1925 can accommodate various headsizes. The earpieces 1921 a,1921 b have a respective socket coupling 1923 a, 1923 b. A display arm1926 includes a bilaterally symmetrical plug 1924 that mates with eithersocket 1923 a, 1923 b.

The display arm 1926 includes a proximal section 1927 and a distalsection 1929. The distal section 1929 can be telescoped away from theproximal section 1927. In addition, a pivot 1928 of the proximal section1927 permits the display arm 1926 to be rotated upward or downward. Adisplay pod 1200 is coupled to the distal section 1929. The display pod1200 can be pivoted at various angles relative to the wearer's line ofsight.

FIGS. 56A-56C are perspective views of another head-mounted displayapparatus according to the invention. FIG. 56A illustrates a headband1932, a mounting plate 1931 and a brim housing 1930. Pins 1936 on theheadband 1932 are inserted into slots 1937 of the mounting plate 1931 tosecure the mounting plate to a wearer's head. The brim housing 1930 ismated to tabs 1934 on the mounting plate 1931. A display housing 1300 isslidable along a rail 1933 on the brim housing 1930.

FIG. 56B is a rear perspective view of the brim housing 1930 of FIG.56A. Shown is a channel 1935 which mates with the tabs 1934 of themounting plate 1931. This mating process is illustrated in FIG. 56C. Thebrim housing 1930 is slid along the mounting plate 1931 registering thetabs 1934 with the channel 1935. FIG. 56D shows a more rigid plasticheadband 1800 with manual adjustment 1810 to control the size.

FIGS. 57A-57H show detailed perspective views of a particular preferreddisplay of FIG. 56A. The display pod 1300 includes an eyecup 1302 thatis fabricated from a pliable material. A first thumb screw 1310 can beturned by a wearer to adjust the vertical position of the display pod1300 in the wearer's field of view. A second thumb screw 1320 is turnedby the wearer to adjust the distance of the display pod 1300 from thewearer's eye. The display pod 1300 can be tilted up by the wearer out ofthe field of view. The visor 1930 as shown in FIGS. 57B and 57C can alsohouse the circuit harness for the display which can be connected eitherthrough the arm 1332 suspending the pod at hinge 1338 or through cable1334 as shown in FIG. 57D. A microphone can be connected to visor byconnector 1330 and input cable 1336 can be connected on the oppositeside.

FIGS. 57E, 57F, 57G and 57H illustrate various rotational positions ofdisplay pad including against the user's glasses 1342 at 1340, oragainst the eye 1343, or retracted above the eye at 1344, or closedagainst visor 1350 at 1345.

FIG. 58A is a perspective view of a wearer equipped with a preferredembodiment of a head-mounted display. A display pod 1400 is positionedwithin the wearer's field of view. Dual headbands 1942 a, 1942 b securethe display pod 1400 to the wearer's head. A connecting cable 1943carries data signals to the display pod 1400.

FIG. 58B is a perspective view of the head-mounted display of FIG. 58A.The display pod 1400 is coupled to the dual headbands 1942 a, 1942 b bya telescoping arm assembly 1946 and a pair of ball joints 1945, 1440.The arm assembly 1946 includes a proximal arm section 447 which iscoupled to the headbands 1942 a, 1942 b by a first balljoint 1945, whichpermits the arm assembly 1946 to be rotated in three dimensions relativeto the headbands 1942 a, 1942 b. The arm assembly 1946 also includes adistal arm segment 1949 which telescopes from the proximal arm segment1947. The distal arm segment 1949 is coupled to a balljoint 1440 of thedisplay pod 1400. The second balljoint 1440 permits the display pod 1400to be positioned in three dimensions relative to the display arm 1946.As illustrated, the display pod 1400 is positioned for viewing by awearer's right eye. Illustrated in phantom is the positioning of thedisplay pod 1400 for viewing by the wearer's left eye.

FIGS. 59A-59F are perspective views of a collapsible display accordingto a preferred embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 59A is a perspective view of a collapsible display pod 1500 in itsworking position. The display pod 1500 includes a top section 1510 and abottom section 1590 that are rigid. The top section 1510 includes amounting tab 1502 and a control tab 1504. The display pod 1500 includesa collapsible wall 1550 between the top section 1510 and the bottomsection 1590. Also shown is a viewing lens 1560.

FIG. 59B is a schematic diagram of the optical components or thecollapsible display pod 1500 of FIG. 59A in the working position. Amirror surface 1525 is joined to a first pivot 1524 and a second pivot1526. The first pivot 1524 is coupled to the top housing section 1510 byan extension member 1522. The second pivot joint 1526 couples the mirror1525 to the viewing lens 1560. The viewing lens 1560 is further coupledto a sliding member 1528.

FIG. 59C is a schematic diagram of the optics of FIG. 59D beingpartially collapsed. As illustrated, the mirror 1525 has been rotatedtoward the top housing section 1510 by pivoting on the first pivot 1524.The sliding member 1528 has slid toward the first pivot member 1524along the upper housing segment 1510. Consequently, the second pivot1526 has pivoted the viewing lens 1560 toward the mirror 1525.

FIG. 59D is a schematic diagram of the optics of FIGS. 59B and 59C inthe collapsed position. As can be seen, the extension member 1522 ischosen to be of sufficient length so the viewing lens 1560 fits in thespace between the folded mirror 1525 and the upper housing segment 1510.

FIG. 59E is a perspective view of the display pod 1500 in the collapsedposition. The wall 1550 has folded like an accordion between the upperhousing segment 1510 and the lower housing segment 1590. FIG. 59F is aperspective view of the collapsed display pod 1500 mounted to arepresentative frame 1950.

FIG. 60 is a perspective view of a head-mounted display integrated witha television tuner. The head-mounted display 1960 includes a headband1962 with stereo headphones 1963 a, 1963 b. A television or radioreceiver 1965 is integrated into the headband 1962. The receiver 1965includes an antenna 1966 and controls 1967. The controls 1967 caninclude a tuning control a loudness control and a picture control. Adisplay pod 1600 is connected to the headband 1962 by a display arm1966. Preferably, a display arm 1966 can be adjusted by the wearer.

Equivalents

Those skilled in the art will know, or be able to ascertain using nomore than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specificembodiments of the invention described herein. These and all otherequivalents are intended to be encompassed by the following claims.

We claim:
 1. A head-mounted display system comprising: a support frame;a monocular display module housing coupled to the support frame, themonocular display module housing having a liquid crystal matrix displaymounted within the display housing, a matrix display driver circuitwithin the display housing, a lens system mounted within the displaymodule housing to couple an image generated by the liquid crystal matrixdisplay to an eye of a user, a backlight to illuminate the display, anda reflector that reflects light from the backlight through a diffuserpositioned between the backlight and the matrix display, where thebacklight, the display, and the lens system are aligned along a singlelinear optical axis; a circuit housing coupled to the support frame andsecurable to the head of the user, the circuit housing having displaycircuitry mounted therein that controls the liquid crystal matrixdisplay to generate an image; and a wireless two-way communicationscircuit coupled to the support frame, the communications circuitelectrically connected to the circuit housing and the communicationscircuit receiving image data from a remote source.
 2. The display systemof claim 1 wherein the two-way communications module is a wirelesstelephone that receives audio and image data and transmitting audiodata.
 3. The display system of claim 2 further comprising a microphonemounted to the support frame.
 4. The display system of claim 1 furthercomprising a memory module on the support frame.
 5. The display systemof claim 1 further comprising a camera connected to the two-waycommunications module to record image data.
 6. The display system ofclaim 1 further comprising a modem on the support frame.
 7. The displaysystem of claim 1 further comprising a keyboard electrically connectedto the circuit housing.
 8. A method of using a monocular display systemadjacent the head of a user, the monocular display system having adisplay housing, a circuit housing and a support frame, comprising:positioning the display housing along the support frame relative to thefirst eye or the second eye of the user, where the display housing hasan electronic liquid crystal display, a backlight, a reflector, adiffuser, and an optical lens system with the backlight, the diffuser,the liquid crystal display, and the optical lens system aligned along asingle linear axis, where the circuit housing is securable to thesupport frame positioned adjacent to the head of a user, the circuithousing having display circuitry mounted therein that operates theelectronic display to generate an image, and where the support framecoupled to the circuit housing holds the display housing, the displayhousing moveable relative to the support frame and the circuit housingand the display housing movable between a first position adjacent oneeye of the user and a second position adjacent a second eye of the userwhile the circuit housing is secured to the support frame; receivingimage data with a wireless receiver; and connecting the electronicdisplay, a microphone, and a speaker to a wireless telephone transceivermodule, the microphone and speaker coupled to the circuit housing. 9.The method of claim 8 further comprising providing a battery mounted tothe support frame that provides power to the display.
 10. The method ofclaim 8 further comprising providing a camera mounted to the supportframe.
 11. The method of claim 8 further comprising recording an imagememory module mounted to the support frame, the module having a slotthat can receive a memory card.
 12. The method of claim 8 furthercomprising rotating the display relative to the support frame.
 13. Themethod of claim 8 further comprising providing a backlight including ared, a green and a blue light source.
 14. A method of using a monoculardisplay system adjacent the head of a user, the monocular display systemhaving a display housing, a circuit housing and a support frame,comprising: positioning the display housing along the support framerelative to the first eye or the second eye of the user, where thedisplay housing has an electronic liquid crystal display, a backlight, areflector, a diffuser, and an optical lens system with the backlight,the diffuser, the liquid crystal display, and the optical lens systemaligned along a single linear axis, where the circuit housing issecurable to the support frame positioned adjacent to the head of auser, the circuit housing having display circuitry mounted therein thatoperates the electronic display to generate an image, and where thesupport frame coupled to the circuit housing holds the display housing,the display housing moveable relative to the support frame and thecircuit housing and the display housing movable between a first positionadjacent one eye of the user and a second position adjacent a second eyeof the user while the circuit housing is secured to the support frame;receiving image data with a wireless receiver; and inserting a memorycard into a memory interface module on the support frame.
 15. The methodof claim 14 further comprising providing a battery mounted to thesupport frame that provides power to the display.
 16. The system ofclaim 14 further comprising providing a camera mounted to the supportframe.
 17. The method of claim 14 further comprising recording an imageon the memory card.
 18. The method of claim 14 further comprisingrotating the display relative to the support frame.
 19. The method ofclaim 14 further comprising providing a backlight including a red, agreen and a blue light source.
 20. The method of claim 14 furthercomprising coupling light to the display with the reflector.